日本

國寶松本城

位於日本長野先松本市的松本城市日本三大名城之一,也是日本5座國寶級城堡之一。其他兩座名城是位於九州熊本縣的熊本城及兵庫縣的姬路城。熊本城於2016年受大地震破壞至今仍未開放,姬路城則是日本第一座成為世界遺產的日本名城。

姬路城的白色的外牆和彎曲的屋頂像一隻白鷺飛翔,被稱為白鷺城。而松本城的特色是黑色的牆,屋頂同樣是彎曲,像烏鴉展翅,所以被稱為「烏城」。喜歡參觀歷史城堡的人士很多都會到訪一黑一白名城。

建於1504年戰國時代的松本城原來只是一座炮台,後來慢慢興建天守閣、城郭、城下町,並被命名為松本城。現有的5層6階的天守閣和旁邊的乾二天守是一起興建的,而用來款客的月見櫓是後期加建的,整個松本城是「複合式城堡」,有大小天守、「渡櫓」、「辰巳附櫓」、「月見櫓」三座城樓,相信整個規模大概於1593-94年間完成。松本城在280年間被23位城主管治過,但從來沒有經歷戰火破壞,得以保持原好狀態。

1872年,日本明治維新時期全國廢除城堡,松本城被拍賣,當時有勢力人士和居民合力把松本城保存下來,並籌集資金進行多次復修,鞏固這座有400多年歷史的城堡,我們今天才可以參觀這座歷史古蹟。

Matsumoto Castle 松本城
Soldiers wearing armour and a beautiful princess will come out and greet the visitors twice a day: 10:00 – 11:00 and 14:00 – 15:00. You may take photos with your own cameras.
每天早上10:00-11:00和下午14:00-15:00在本丸內有武士和公主出來與遊客見面,你可以用自己的相機與他們拍照。
Matsumoto Castle 松本城
As a flatland castle built during the Sengoku period (or the Warring State period), stones walls are part of the important defending structure. In Matsumoto Castle, there are 16 wooden logs with 30-40cm in diameter x 5 meters long supporting the stone walls of the main keep.
建於日本戰國時代的平城都需要一道堅固的石垣。松本城的土壤鬆軟,所以天守閣的石牆後有16條直徑30-40釐米、5米長的木柱支撐底部根基。
Matsumoto Castle 松本城
The wall of the second floor of the Main Tower. It is 29cm thick with mug and a rope called naru. This structure and thickness was good enough to protect the castle from matchlock.
天守閣第二層的外牆:29釐米厚,土牆中有麻繩的結構,可抵禦火繩槍的攻擊。
Matsumoto Castle 松本城
The centuries old wooden structure is also one of the features of the Castle. You will see lots of wooden columns from the first to third level of the Main Tower. There were less on the fourth and fifth floors which were smaller in space.
松本城的其中一大特色是其400歷史的木造建築,進入天守閣就看到很多木柱,尤其是一樓到三樓。第四、五層就比較少,但面積也越來越少。
Matsumoto Castle 松本城
Remember that the Main Tower is 5 storeys on the outside and 6 levels inside? The hidden floor is this third floor. It is also called the “Dark Floor”. There’s no window and cannot be seen from the outside. It was primarily used for storage of food, gunpowder and weapons. In case of war battles, this could be a good shelter.
記得這裡是五層六階的天守閣嗎?外面看是五層,裏面是六層。這就是第三層的「暗層」,沒有窗戶,在外面是看不到的。當時是一個儲藏武器和糧食的地方。如遇到敵人攻擊,是一個躲藏和參謀的地方。
Matsumoto Castle 松本城
There are quite a lot of weapons and gun displayed in the castle.
城堡內有不少槍砲展示。
Matsumoto Castle 松本城
Amors equipped with a typical battle accessories are in display. This heavy set with swords and a matchlock weighs about 20kg.
當時的武士盔甲,連佩刀和火繩槍共重約20公斤。
Matsumoto Castle 松本城
The almost 4 meters high ceiling on the fourth floor, resulting in a very steep wooden staircase with an inclination of 61 degree. Ladies: don’t wear skirts if you intend to visit the castle. It is a very popular castle with a lot of visitors.
第四層的樓底要約4米高,所以木樓梯也非常陡峭,傾斜度達61度。女士們最好不要穿短裙,這裡人來人往。
Matsumoto Castle 松本城
As you reach the top, you will have a panoramic view of Matsumoto city. The red bridge in the photo is the best location for take photos of the castle.
到了頂樓,當然有無敵松本市的景觀。圖中的紅色橋就是拍攝松本城的最佳位置。
Matsumoto Castle 松本城
The small shooting window all angling downwards or dropping stones, shooting arrows and firing guns.
城內的發射窗戶都是斜向下的,可以向進攻的敵人投石、發射弓箭和開槍。
Tsukimi-yagura (moon-viewing room) 月見櫓(賞月樓)
The Tsukimi-yagura (moon-viewing room) in the castle complex offers an amazing view of the garden which was where the residence of the clans was.
月見櫓(賞月樓)的景觀相當漂亮,外面較園的草地是本丸的遺址。
Rickshaw at Matsumoto Castle 松本城人力車
You may get a rickshaw ride around Matsumoto Castle. It’s nice to go around the moat to get different views.
你可以乘坐人力車遊覽松本城,可以沿護城河走,從不同角度欣賞這座日本國寶名城。
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